• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An arrangement for setting the position of a shearbar (102) relative to the enveloping circle of a forage harvester (10) equipped with chopping knives (144) for chopping drum (26) comprises a control device (70) which has a first sensor (34) for detecting a first signal is connected with regard to the distance between the shearbar (102) and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum (26) and controls an adjustment drive (158) of the shearbar 102) based on the first signals. The control device (70) also controls the adjustment drive (158) on the basis of a second signal with regard to external forces influencing the relative position of the chopping drum (26) with respect to the shearbar (102).
    公开号:BE1026594B1
    申请号:E20190077
    申请日:2019-08-22
    公开日:2020-09-10
    发明作者:Alexander Guth；Rolf Koch
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to an arrangement for setting the position of a shearbar relative to the envelope circle of a forage harvester's chopping drum equipped with chopping knives, with a control device that transmits signals to a first sensor for detecting a first signal with regard to the distance connected between the shearbar and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum and at least one adjusting drive set up to adjust the position of the anvil with respect to the chopping drum and operable to control the adjusting drive based on the first signals in the sense of setting a desired distance between the anvil and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum , as well as a forage harvester equipped with it.
    State of the art Forage harvesters are used to pick up plants or their fruit clusters from a field and cut them into small pieces.
    The plants standing in the field are usually cut from the roots remaining in the ground by means of a suitable harvesting header and fed to a feed channel of the forage harvester.
    Alternatively, the plants can be cut off and swathed in previous operations and picked up by means of a pick-up, or only the fruit stands are separated from the plants and conveyed into the intake channel.
    In the intake channel, the crop mat picked up by means of the header is pre-compressed by cooperating, mutually prestressed pairs of pre-press rollers, which feed the crop mat to a chopping drum, around the circumference (and possibly across its width) a number of chopping knives are distributed.
    The chopper knives cut that
    Crop into small pieces in interaction with a shearbar. The shredded crop (and in particular the maize kernels contained therein) is optionally shredded even further by means of a post-processing device, conveyed into a discharge chute by means of a post-accelerator and loaded onto a transport vehicle. The chopped crop is used in particular as fodder for cattle or for biogas production. When cutting the crop, in addition to the sharpness of the chopping knives, the distance between the cutting edge of the chopping knives and the shearbar is of great importance in order to achieve a good cutting result in an energy-saving way. For this purpose, the chopping knives are subjected to a grinding process after their initial assembly and also from time to time later in which a grindstone interacts with the rotating chopping drum. It is then ensured that all cutting edges are sharp and have at least approximately the same distance from the axis of rotation of the chopping drum for all chopping knives. The position of the shearbar is usually set automatically. For this purpose, an adjustment drive is usually assigned to each end of the anvil, which can adjust the anvil in an approximately radial direction in a bidirectional manner with respect to the anvil. A sensor detects the distance between the shearbar and the chopping knives and controls the adjustment drives.
    As a rule, knock sensors are used as sensors which, in the event of mechanical contact between the chopper knives and the anvil, detect mechanical vibrations in the anvil (see, for example, DE 10 2012 205 337 A1). With the shearbar adjustment based on the detection of the contact, the shearbar is successively moved in the direction of the chopping drum by a control that controls the adjustment drives until the contact has been detected and then adjusted outwards again by a certain distance in order to produce the desired cutting gap (see Fig see DE 10 2013 201 633 B3 and the state of the art mentioned there).
    Usually, the time-consuming process of adjusting the shearbar occurs only relatively rarely, especially after a grinding process, which is usually carried out after a few hours of operation or every day before work begins. This is what is known as an open loop, because the distance between the chopping knives and the shearbar is recorded indirectly. However, this open loop has the disadvantage that the distance between the enveloping circle of the chopping knife and the anvil (= cutting gap) can change if the forces acting on the system made up of the chopping drum and anvil change. Such forces arise, for example, from a header that is mechanically coupled to the mounting of the chopping drum via a feeder housing, while the shearbar is attached independently of this to the chassis of the forage harvester (cf. DE 196 33 290 A1). When adding, dismantling or laying down or lifting the header from the ground, the distance between the shearbar and the chopping drum, which is in the order of magnitude of only a few 100 μm, changes accordingly. The distance between the shearbar and the chopping drum also depends on the weight of the respective header. Cases are thus conceivable in which the distance between the shearbar and the chopping drum was brought to a desired value while the header was on the ground and the header is then raised, which leads to an undesirable increase in the cutting gap. Similarly, the much more problematic case is also conceivable, in which the cutting gap is reduced after setting, which can even lead to contact between the distance between the chopping knives of the chopping drum and the shearbar and damage both.
    It has also been proposed to measure the distance between the chopping knives and the shearbar without contact, in particular using an induction sensor (see DE 10 2011 005 317
    A1) or by a camera (DE 103 46 412 A1), which would enable a continuous adjustment of the anvil to maintain a desired cutting gap. However, sensors of this type have not yet established themselves in practice.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object on which the invention is based is seen in providing an arrangement for adjusting the position of the shearbar of a forage harvester and a forage harvester equipped therewith, which do not have the disadvantages mentioned or to a reduced extent and are capable of increasing the size to keep the cutting gap at a desired value even with changing operating conditions.
    Solution According to the invention, this object is achieved by the teaching of patent claims 1 and 10, the further patent claims citing features that further develop the solution in an advantageous manner. An arrangement for setting the position of a shearbar relative to the enveloping circle of a chopping drum of a forage harvester equipped with chopping knives comprises a control device which transmits signals with a first sensor for detecting a first signal with regard to the distance between the anvil and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum and at least one for adjusting the Position of the shearbar opposite the chopping drum set up adjustment drive is connected and operable to control the adjustment drive based on the first signals in the sense of setting a desired distance between the shearbar and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum. In addition, the control device can be supplied with a second signal with regard to external forces influencing the relative position of the chopping drum with respect to the anvil (or vice versa)
    Control device can be operated to control the adjustment drive when setting the desired distance between the shearbar and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum if necessary using the second signal in the sense of a compensation of the external forces in order to maintain the desired distance between the anvil and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum. In other words, a signal that contains information about the external forces that lead to an adjustment of the position of the chopping drum relative to the anvil and thus result in an undesired change in the cutting gap is detected and fed to the control device. The latter commands when necessary, i.e. in the event of a change in the external forces above a certain threshold value, the adjustment drive in such a way that the desired cutting gap continues to be set. In this way the problems mentioned above are avoided or at least reduced.
    The first sensor providing the first signal can be set up to detect contact between the chopping knives and the shearbar. It can therefore be a knock sensor known per se, as it has been adequately documented in the prior art, which works in an open loop and is used to adjust the anvil in a setting procedure at certain time intervals, as in DE 10 2013 201 633 B3 and the state of the art mentioned there, the contents of which are incorporated into the present documents by reference. The second signal serves as an overriding correction signal for the open loop (which is only passed through from time to time). The control device is accordingly set up to adjust the position of the anvil blade relative to the chopping drum at time intervals based on the first signal and to adjust the position of the anvil blade in response to a change in the second signal and thus continuously if necessary. In another embodiment, however, it would also be conceivable to use a sensor (e.g. optically or inductively) that detects the distance between the counter blade and the chopping drum in a contactless manner to generate the first signal, which in a closed loop measures the distance between the counter blade and the envelope circle of the chopping drum continuously readjusts, wherein the second signal can be used to supplement and / or correct the first signal. In particular, the second signal represents the supporting force exerted by a header on a feeder housing, which, due to the spatial proximity of the bearings of the chopping drum and the feeder housing on the chassis of the forage harvester, also influences the position of the chopping drum and thus ultimately the size of the cutting gap. Additionally or alternatively, it would be possible to detect other forces which have an influence on the cutting gap, such as vertical acceleration forces which e.g. act on the chassis of the forage harvester when driving over bumps in the ground and result in a slight but noticeable deformation of the chassis and thus a change in the cutting gap in view of the small dimensions of the cutting gap.
    Such acceleration forces can be detected reactively by an acceleration sensor on the chassis or predictively by a sensor for detecting the ground contour, as is known per se in the prior art (see DE 10 2014 208 070 A1 and the prior art cited there).
    In a simple embodiment, the second signal can be entered by an operator input device. The operator input device can make it possible to enter a design of the header (on the basis of which the control device can read out the mass and / or mass distribution of the header from a database) and / or the mass and / or mass distribution of the header and / or the position of the header directly, ie whether the header is currently fully or partially supported on the ground or is completely spaced from it.
    In another embodiment, which can also be combined with the embodiment described in the preceding paragraph, the second signal can be detected by means of a second sensor. The second sensor can be set up to recognize the type (and thus also the mass on the basis of a database) of the header currently connected to the forage harvester based on a coding of the header that is electronically transmitted from a data memory of the header or recognized by a connector wiring and a database. The second sensor can also be set up to measure the mass and / or mass distribution (or center of gravity) of the header based on a detection of the total weight or the axle load distribution of the forage harvester (which, for example, are measured by sensors for detecting the tire pressure or the axle loads of the forage harvester can be recognized. The second sensor can also be set up to measure the support force exerted by the header on the intake housing by detecting the pressure in a cylinder for adjusting the height of the header and / or based on the driving dynamics (horizontal acceleration and / or braking behavior) that vary depending on the weight of the header ) of the forage harvester and / or by means of a deformation of the chassis of the forage harvester and / or by means of a camera looking at the header and an image processing system. The second sensor can also be set up to detect the position of the header using a sensor for detecting the angular position of the intake housing and / or a height sensor for detecting the height of the header above the ground. Using the second signal, the control device calculates the expected change in the cutting gap and commands the adjustment drive to compensate for the expected change in the cutting gap. The intermediate step of calculating the expected change in the cutting gap can also be omitted and the adjustment signal to the adjustment drive can be determined directly on the basis of the second signal.
    Embodiment
    An exemplary embodiment of the invention described in more detail below is shown in the drawings. It shows: FIG. 1 a side view of a self-propelled forage harvester and FIG. 2 a schematic representation of the shearbar of the forage harvester of FIG. 2 with its adjustment drive and a control device which is used to control the adjustment drive.
    In FIG. 1, a self-propelled forage harvester 10 is shown in a schematic side view. The forage harvester 10 is built on a chassis 12 which is supported by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The forage harvester 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18, from which a header 20 in the form of a pick-up can be viewed. By means of the header 20 picked up crop, z. B. grass or the like is fed via an intake conveyor 22 with pre-compression rollers, which are arranged within a intake housing 24 on the front side of the forage harvester 10, to a chopping drum 26 arranged below the driver's cab 18, which chops it into small pieces in cooperation with a shearbar 102 and it gives up a conveyor device 28. A grinding device 100 is used to sharpen the chopper knives 144 if necessary. The crop leaves the harvesting machine 10 to a transport vehicle driving alongside via an ejector chute 30 which is rotatable about a vertical axis and adjustable in inclination. The following refers to directions such as sideways, below and above, to the forward direction V of the harvesting machine 10, which runs to the right in FIG. The intake housing 24 is rotatably mounted on the chassis 12 about the axis of rotation of the chopping drum 26 and is adjusted about this axis of rotation by means of an actuator 32 designed as a hydraulic cylinder in order to set the height of the header 20 above the ground or the ground pressure of the header 20 to a desired, via a Operator interface 98 and set the value
    Harvesting header 20 if necessary, e.g. To be raised or lowered in the headland or at the end of or at the beginning of the work.
    The chopping drum 26 is driven from a belt pulley 48, which is connected to an internal combustion engine (not shown) via an angular gear, via a drive belt 50, which has a belt pulley 54 for driving the chopping drum 26 and a belt pulley 52 for driving the conveyor device 28. In addition, a metal detector 108 is provided in the lower, front feed roller, which may be used to stop the intake conveyor 22 quickly, and the operator input device 98 coupled to a controller 70 is arranged in the driver's cab 18.
    FIG. 2 shows the chopping drum 26 and the shearbar 102 in an enlarged view.
    The chopping drum 26 comprises a drum shell 72 which is connected to rotary bearings 76 via support disks 74 and stub axles.
    Instead of the closed drum shell 72 shown, an open chopping drum 26 could also be used.
    Knife holders 146 are distributed around the circumference of the chopping drum 26 (and preferably over its width), to which the individual chopping knives 144 are each fastened by a plurality of screws 150.
    Pressure plates 148 are arranged between the heads of the screws 150 and the chopping knives 144.
    The threads of the screws 150 cooperate with threads in the knife holders or threaded strips inserted transversely therein.
    The shearbar 102 is mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation 156, which is located below the rotary mount 76 of the chopping drum 26.
    At both lateral ends of the anvil 102, a lever arm 154 is attached one end to the axis of rotation 156 and the other end to the anvil 102.
    Two adjustment drives 158 each assigned to one of the lever arms 154 or to one end of the anvil blade 102 are used to adjust the anvil blade 102 in at least an approximately radial direction with respect to the enveloping circle described by the chopping knives 144. The shear bar 102 can additionally be supported by a bendable sheet metal (not shown) on the frame 12, as is described in DE 196 33 290 A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated into the present documents by reference. A first sensor 34 is connected, directly or indirectly, to the counter blade 102 in a manner that transmits mechanical vibrations, which acts on the control device 70 with a first signal that contains information regarding the distance between the counter blade 102 and the enveloping circle of the chopping knife 144. If there is no contact between the outer tips of the chopping knives 144 and the anvil 102, the first signal consists only of a basic noise, while the first signal increases significantly in the case of contact between the outer tips of the chopping knives 144 and the anvil 102. The control device 70 is set up (connected and programmed) in a manner known per se to control the adjustment drives 158 based on the first signal of the first sensor 34 in a primary adjustment procedure in response to a corresponding input in the operator interface 98 or after a predetermined time has elapsed that the shearbar 102 assumes a desired, fixedly predetermined position or position that can be entered via the operator interface 98 relative to the enveloping circle of the chopping knife 144. For this purpose, reference is made once again to DE 10 2013 201 633 B3 and the state of the art mentioned there, the contents of which are incorporated into the present documents by reference.
    The rotary bearing 76 of the chopping drum 26, on which the bearing of the intake housing 24 is also supported or is positioned close to it on the chassis 12, is spatially separated from the axis of rotation 156 of the lever arms 154 holding the shearbar 102 and the points of support of the adjustment drives 158 on the chassis 12 Cut. As a result, slight twisting or deformation of the chassis 12 between the said points, which are caused by changing external forces, also changes the distance between the shearbar 102 and the enveloping circle of the chopping knife 144. These external forces are caused in particular by the loading of the intake housing 24 by the header 20. If the header 20 is first supported on the ground and then raised by the actuator 32 (or is lowered analogously from a raised position to the ground), the position of the pivot bearing 76 relative to the axis of rotation 156 and the support points of the adjustment drives changes accordingly 158 on the chassis 12, which also changes the distance between the counter blade 102 and the envelope circle of the chopping knife 144 (= cutting gap).
    In order to counteract this undesirable effect, the control device 70 is connected to a second sensor 36 which detects the pressure in the piston rod chamber of the actuator 32, which is a measure of the force with which the header 20 is supported on the intake housing 24. The control device 70 controls the adjustment drives 158 accordingly (in addition to the signals of the first sensor 34, which are used for the above-described, primary adjustment of the position of the shearbar 102 relative to the chopping drum 26) based on the second signals of the second sensor 36, which a A measure of the force exerted by the harvesting attachment 20 on the intake housing 24 in order to carry out a secondary adjustment in response to a change in the second signal; Perform shearbar 102 and ultimately ensure that the cutting gap remains the same. The control device 70 accordingly commands the adjusting drives 156 with each detected, significant change in the second signal in such a way that the set cutting gap is maintained. For this purpose, a suitable database can be used in which a relationship between the second signal and the associated adjustment commands to the adjustment drives is stored. In addition, the backlash in the mechanics is taken into account, for which reference is made to the disclosure of DE 10 2004 016 089 A1.
    A number of refinements or modifications are possible to create the second signal.
    The second signal can contain or depend on one or more of the following parameters: type of header, its mass and mass distribution or
    Center of gravity, the operating mode (i.e. whether the header is in a lowered operating position or a raised inoperative position) and the state of the forage harvester 10 during the primary adjustment process of the anvil 102, i.e. whether a header 20 was attached, whether it was raised or lowered and, if necessary, folded into a transport position.
    These parameters can be entered via the operator interface 98 or detected by sensors known per se.
    The detection (of the design) of the header can be carried out, for example, by a header detection via the coupling point of the electrical connection lines to the forage harvester 10, i.e. a connector coding (s.
    EP 1 685 757 A1) or a clear identification of the header via a memory unit of the header 20 and a bus connection to the forage harvester 10 (DE 102 30 474 A1). Based on the design of the header 20, its mass can be determined, for which purpose a database stored in the control device 70 can be used.
    Manual input of the design of the header 20 and the operating mode by the operator would also be possible via the operator interface 98, as well as weight detection to determine the total weight of the forage harvester 10 with or without header 20 by means of tire pressure detection or an axle load measurement of the forage harvester 10 a detection of the header 20 via vibrations in the area of the header 20 and the entire forage harvester 10, ie the driving dynamics.
    A sensory detection of the deformation of the chassis 12 caused by the load of the harvesting header 20 and, based on this, a conclusion about the load of the harvesting header 20 would also be possible.
    Furthermore, an optical detection of the header 20 and its operating mode could take place.
    In addition, in addition to the design of the header 20, additional ballast can also be taken into account, e.g.
    Crop in the header or equipment variants that have an influence on weight and / or the position of the center of gravity.
    Based on this data and the selected operating mode (i.e. whether the header is raised or not), the cutting gap is automatically adjusted so that the cutting gap always remains the same during operation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Arrangement for setting the position of a shearbar (102) relative to the enveloping circle of a chopping drum (26) of a forage harvester (10) equipped with chopping knives (144), with a control device (70) which transmits signals to a first sensor (34) for detection a first signal with regard to the distance between the shearbar (102) and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum (26) and at least one adjusting drive (158) set up to adjust the position of the shearbar (102) relative to the chopping drum (26) is connected and operable, the adjusting drive (158) based on the first signals in the sense of setting a desired distance between the shearbar (102) and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum (26), characterized in that the control device (70) a second signal with regard to the external, the relative position of the chopping drum (26) with respect to the counter blade (102) influencing forces can be supplied and that the S control device (70) can be operated, the adjusting drive (158) when setting the desired distance between the counter blade (102) and the enveloping circle of the chopping drum (26) if necessary based on the second signal in the sense of a compensation of the external forces to maintain the desired distance between to control the shearbar (102) and the envelope circle of the chopping drum (26).
    [2]
    2. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor (34) is set up to detect a contact between the chopping knives (144) and the shearbar (102).
    [3]
    3. Arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the control device (70) is set up to carry out an adjustment of the position of the shearbar (102) relative to the chopping drum (26) at time intervals based on the first signal and in response to a change in the second signal Adjust the position of the counter knife (102).
    [4]
    4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second signal represents the supporting force exerted by a harvesting header (20) on a feeder housing (24).
    [5]
    5. Arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the second signal can be input by an operator input device (98).
    [6]
    6. The arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the operator input device (98) enables a type of header (20) and / or the mass and / or mass distribution of the header (20) and / or the position of the header (20) to be entered.
    [7]
    7. Arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the second signal can be detected by means of a second sensor (36).
    [8]
    8. The arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the second sensor (36) is set up, the design of the header (20) and / or the mass and / or mass distribution of the header (20) and / or from the header (20) on the feeder housing (24) supporting force exerted and / or the position of the header (20) to be recognized.
    [9]
    9. The arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the second sensor (36) is set up to determine the type of header (20) using a coding of the header (20) transmitted electronically from the header (20) to the forage harvester (10) and a database and / or the mass and / or mass distribution of the header (20) based on a detection of the total weight and / or the axle load distribution of the forage harvester (10) and / or the supporting force exerted by the header (20) on the intake housing (24) based on a detection of the pressure in a cylinder (32) for adjusting the height of the header (20) and / or based on the driving dynamics of the forage harvester (10) and / or based on a deformation of the chassis (12) of the forage harvester (10) and / or by means of an on the header (10) looking camera and one
    Image processing system and / or the position of the header (20) using a sensor for detecting the angular position of the intake housing and / or a height sensor for detecting the height of the header (20) above the ground.
    [10]
    10. Forage harvester (10) with an arrangement according to one of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102018216320A1|2020-03-26|
    BE1026594A1|2020-04-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP1442652A1|2003-01-30|2004-08-04|Deere & Company|Device for measuring and/or controlling the clearance between a counter knife and a cutting chopper|
    DE102009029675A1|2008-11-25|2010-05-27|Deere & Company, Moline|Device and method for detecting the sharpness of chopping knives|
    DE102017201423A1|2017-01-30|2018-08-02|Deere & Company|Arrangement for detecting the degree of wear of chopping blades of a chopper drum of a forage harvester|
    DE19633290C2|1996-08-19|1999-04-22|Case Harvesting Sys Gmbh|Device for attaching and adjusting the shear bar for choppers|
    US6519923B1|2001-09-10|2003-02-18|Case Corporation|System for coupling, uncoupling and controlling the header assembly in an agricultural combine|
    DE10230474A1|2002-07-06|2004-01-15|Deere & Company, Moline|Device for documenting the operation of an additional device for a work machine|
    DE10346412A1|2003-10-07|2005-05-25|Deere & Company, Moline|Harvesting machine with a monitoring device for monitoring the sharpness of cutting blades and / or their distance from a counter-blade|
    DE102004016089B4|2004-04-01|2012-12-06|Deere & Company|Device for adjusting the position of a counter-cutting edge relative to a chopping device|
    DE102011005317B4|2011-03-09|2017-08-17|John Deere GmbH & Co. KG|Measuring system for determining the state of wear of chopping knives|
    DE102012205337A1|2012-04-02|2013-10-02|Deere & Company|Self-propelled forage harvester for harvesting crop plants used as e.g. animal feed, has control unit that passes counter blades to second position far from first position relative to cutting drum, if crop situation does not exists|
    DE102013201633B3|2013-01-31|2014-03-27|Deere & Company|Device for adjusting position of counter-blade relative to blade of chaff device used in e.g. chaff cutter, has two adjustment drives that move counter-blade in parallel position corresponding to desired cutting gap between both blades|
    DE102014208070A1|2014-04-29|2015-12-17|Deere & Company|The vehicle dynamics taking into account control system for position control of a device for an agricultural work vehicle|
    法律状态:
    2020-10-15| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200910 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018216320.0A|DE102018216320A1|2018-09-25|2018-09-25|Arrangement for adjusting the position of the shearbar of a forage harvester|
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